Background: Prediction of the outcome of perinatal asphyxia (PA) is important but formidable. Apgar score has a limited role in predicting the outcome. Urinary uric ACID and creatinine RATIO (UA/Cr) is an early, noninvasive, and cheap biomarker of PA which may predict its morbidity. This study aimed to determine the urinary UA/Cr in neonates with PA, compare it with UA/Cr in non-asphyxiated neonates, and derive the optimum cut-off value of this RATIO to label PA. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 term neonates appropriate for gestational age (AGA) with PA (cases) and 100 non-asphyxiated term AGA babies (controls). Urine samples were collected within 24 h of life; moreover, uric ACID and creatinine levels were determined by an auto-analyzer. Results: The mean urinary UA/Cr RATIO was significantly higher in the cases, compared to the controls (3. 41± 0. 68 vs. 1. 99± 0. 23) (P<0. 0001). The cut-off value of this RATIO to label PA was>2. 5 with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 98%. Urinary UA/Cr RATIO and cord blood pH were significantly correlated with each other (correlation coefficient r=-0. 8951, P<0. 001). Moreover, the urinary UA/Cr RATIO and 5-min Apgar score were also significantly correlated with each other (r=-0. 8806, P<0. 001). Conclusion: Urinary UA/Cr RATIO is a non-invasive, cheap, and reliable marker for PA with good predictive value in this study.

Consumption of whole-wheat breads prepared from high extraction flours is recommended because of their high content of fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Despite the beneficial effects of these breads, they contain high amounts of undesirable compounds like Phytic ACID (PA) which is believed to negatively interfere with the absorption of some such nutrients as zinc (Zn). Wheat genotypes are different in their PA and Zn concentRATIOns; therefore, cereal-based foods may be prepared using grains of low PA and high Zn. Fars Province is ranked first in Iran in terms of wheat production. It is, therefore, important to evaluate the PA and Zn status of the wheat cultivars common in the province. Seventeen wheat cultivars obtained from Genotype Improvement Department of Fars Agricultural Research Center, Zarghan, Iran were employed in the study. These cultivars that are commonly used by local farmers were grown in test plots under identical conditions. A wheat grain sample from Parvardeh Wheat Milling Factory and 7 bread flour samples from Shiraz city's bakeries were also included in the study. The PA content and phytase activity of the grains either with or without bran as well as those of the flour samples were determined. Results showed that the method of grain debranning significantly affectted the concentRATIOn of PA and phytase activity. The least phytic ACID was found in Pavarus and Niknejad cultivars. The PA to Zn molar RATIOs were highest in Falat, Niknejad and Shiraz cultivars. The highest concentRATIOn of Zn was observed in Estar, Falat, and Niknejad, while maximum phytase activity was found in cultivars Estar, S-78-11, S-79-10, and Niknejad.

Rosemary plant extract as a natural anti-oxidant is 4 times stronger than synthetic anti-oxidant like BHT and BHA. For this reason, it has been under attention not only for its anti-oxidant properties rather for its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and anti-virus properties in different studies. This research investigates the effects of temperature, time, pH, and substance concentRATIOn in the labeling of irradiated rosmarinic ACID by radioisotope gallium-67 as a high-resolution imaging agent for SPECT imaging. In this study, gamma irradiated rosmarinic ACID nanoparticles at 20 kGy and 30 kGy levels in two concentRATIOns of 0.5 and 1% were radiolabeled by gallium-67 radioisotope produced in Karaj cyclotron, and their efficiency and radiochemical purity were compared. Labeling conditions (including pH, temperature, time, and compound concentRATIOn) were investigated. Quality control was performed by thin-layer chromatography (RTLC). Resulting from the experiments, 30 kGy level and 1% concentRATIOn at 45 °C for 30 minutes at pH = 5.5-6 proved to be the best time for labeling rosemary nanoparticles, and the highest radiochemical purity achieved was 95%; radio conjugate also showed good stability after 12 hours.

Background & Aims: Zinc deficiency is one of the nutritional problems in our country. Phytic ACID to zinc molar RATIO is a main factor for determination of zinc bioavailability in foods, therefore we decided to measure phytate and it's molar RATIO to zinc in flour and various breads- including: Lavash(hand- and Machine cooked), Mashini, Sangak, Oskoo, Barbari, Roghani and Bagget- and compare them with WHO cut-offs.Materials & Methods: Study was a descriptive, analytical, cross sectional study. 10 samples from each bread and 8 samples from flour were got. Phytic ACID, zinc, and iron were measured, and then phytate to zinc molar RATIO were calculated.Results: Zinc and iron content of samples were: 0.73-1.40 and 0.72-1.87 mg/100 g, respectively. Mean of phytate and it's molar RATIO to zinc in flour were: 262.75 (with 95% confidence interval: 210.38-315.11) and 19.36 (with 95% confidence interval: 14.93-23.79), respectively. For breads above indices were 108.47 (with 95% confidence interval: (93.75-123.31) and 8.91 (with 95% confidence interval: 7.76-10.06), respectively (p<0.05). From breads Bagget had the lowest and Machine cooked Lavash had the highest amount of phytate and phytate/zinc molar RATIO. According to WHO cut-off, zinc in Bagget and Roghani had good bioavailability, while other breads had moderate and flour had low zinc bioavailability.Discussion: Bread is an important source for minerals such as zinc and iron, but because of high phytate and phytate to zinc molar RATIO, its minerals cannot be absorbed well. With attention to high consumption of bread in our community, it is essential to decrease phytate and it's molar RATIO to zinc in breads by using from appropriate approaches.

Introduction: Clinical use of the late responses during routine neurophysiological examination has significantly increased the diagnostic yield of the neurophysiological evaluation. The H max to M max RATIO (H/M RATIO) is considered a suitable index for illustrating the level of reflex excitability of the motor pool.Methods: In this study posterior tibial nerve H/M RATIO changes in cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) evaluated. This investigation was carried out in 22 normal subjects aged 40-65 years with mean 52 years, and in 40 patients with CVA aged 42-63 years with mean 57 years.Results: In normal subjects no significant differences were found between the mean values observed between right and left sides. In patients significant increased H/M RATIOs in both sides with more in non-plegic leg (P<0.01) were found. The facilitation of Babinsky sign in patients is significantly associated with low H/M RATIOs (P=0.003). The H/M RATIO changes were not significantly associated with severity of hemiplegia (P=0.3 for lower extremities, P=0.9 for upper extremities). The H/M RATIO was increased in ischemic lesions (P<0.01), but in intracerebral hemorrhages the soleus H/M RATIO increases in non-plegic side the same as the plegic side.Conclusion: The posterior tibial nerve H/M RATIOs are increased in CVA bilaterally due to decreased presynaptic inhibition Ia terminals, thus amplitude of H reflexes increased without increased amplitude of M response.

The method of selection of the study design decides the type of analysis 10 be used. Case-Control studies assess the causes of a particular outcome, comparing a group of individuals who have experienced the outcome under study with a group who have net.Results appear as a two by two table. As these two groups are sampled separately, the rate of the disease in the exposed or unexposed groups can not be calculated. However, the Odds RATIO can be obtained. The Odds RATIO is sometimes referred to as the cross product RATIO.                        Cases                            Controls Exposed            a                                  b Unexposed         c                                  d Odds RATIO (a/b)I (c/d) = ad/bc

Introduction: Hemophilia is one of the most important coagulation disorders. At the present time the current treatment is factor replacement which may lead to many socio-economic problems and also transmission of some viral infections. In this study we evaluate an alternative treatment to factor replacement to decrease the aforementioned problems. Material and Methods: This was an interventional study and the statistical population included all Hemophilia patients that referred to Besat Hospital. They were randomly divided into two groups: an intervention group of 13 patients and a control group of 15 patients. Tranexamic ACID was only used for the intervention group (15 patients). Then the data was assessed by spss win software. Results: In the intervention group bleeding episodes were reduced significantly (from 4.07 episodes per month to 3 episodes per month) and so was the need for factor replacement (from 80.1 u/kg/m to 58.7 u/kg/m). In the control group bleeding episodes and the need for factor replacement did not differ prior to and during the study. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that daily prophylactic use of TEA is effective in reducing bleeding episodes and decreasing the need for factor replacement in hemophilia patients. However, due to increased PTT and decreased serum clotting factors in patients, the risk of life threatening bleeding is likely to be high. Thus we don’t recommend the use of TEA as a prophylactic measure in hemophilia.  

Background and Objective: Textile wastewaters are known as an important environmental pollutant. The main characteristic of textile wastewater is its colorness, which contains various organic and inorganic pollutants. Therefore it is necessary to treat such effluent effectively before discharging into the environment.Methods: In a fundamental-applicable study, removal efficiency of ACID red 18 and ACID red 14 using zero valent iron powder has been investigated. Parameters studied include pH (3-11), contact time (15-120 min), and initial concentRATIOn of iron powder (0.5-2 g/L).Results: Batch experiments show that dye removal was increased with increasing mass of iron powder and contact time, while decreased with increasing of pH. The high removal efficiency was observed in pH=3, contact time=120 min and iron powder concentRATIOn of 2 g/L. The result of kinetic studies shows that removal of ACID red 18 and ACID red 14 was best described by pseudo-second order kinetic model.Conclusion: the overall results of present work shows efficient removal of ACID red 18 and ACID 14 by zero valent iron powder.

Biodegradable polymers reinforced with cellulose-based natural fibers are of high strategic necessities toward the environment preservation acts. Numerous studies have reported the formulation of polylactic ACID based bio-degradable micro-composites loaded with natural fibers. However, the use of high natural filler content has been shown to be an underlying challenge in terms of bio-based composites' processability. This study mainly aims at the processability of thermoplastic bio-degradable composites of polylactic ACID/Kenaf using a two-roller calendering machine on the melt mixing manner assisted with high shear forces. The results indicated successful processing of the green composites containing 0-30 wt% of kenaf using the sheet forming process from direct mixing of kenaf and polylactic ACID granules. It was shown that the tensile modulus increased by 130% and the density of the parts decreased by ~10% at the filler loading of 30 wt% with respect to the neat polylactic ACID whilst the tensile strength decreased irrespective of the filler loading. The results further showed the melting temperature decreases supporting better processability by increasing the kenaf fraction. The crystallization against the decrease in the density was correlated to the decrease in the toughness of the parts. Moreover, the morphology and structural studies whilst supporting the changes in mechanical performance supported the effect of processing on the fillers orientation and the possible presence of agglomerated phase at higher filler loadings.